Application of Cellulase in Livestock and Poultry Production
The following are the applications of Cellulase in the diets of cattle, chickens, and pigs:
Cattle feed
Jiao Pinglin et al. (1996) conducted a castrated cattle experiment, adding 40g of Cellulase per head per day to the diet and feeding for 60 days. The results showed that the enzyme added group had a daily weight gain of 892.78g, while the control group had a daily weight gain of 746.8g, with a significant difference (P<0.01). Jiaopinglin conducted an experiment using 30 Holstein cows. The experimental group added 50g of Cellulase per cow per day. The results showed that the total milk production of the 15 cows in the experimental group was 2916kg at 68 days, while the total milk production of the 15 cows in the control group was 2689kg at 68 days, with a significant difference (P<0.05).
Fu Liansheng et al. (1998) reported that under normal rumen function, after feeding Cellulase for 5 days, the dry matter in the feces of adult cows and breeding cows decreased by 30% compared to before feeding. One week later, the ammonia content in the closed cowshed decreased by about 70%, the roughage intake increased by 8-10%, and the urea in urine decreased by 58.9%. Pregnant cows were fed Cellulase from 30 days before delivery, and there were no physiological digestive problems after delivery. The fetal weight increased by 1.5-3kg without deformities or weak fetuses. The physical recovery of cows is fast, and the peak milk production lasts for a long time (until the fourth lactation month). Zhao Changyou et al. (1998) reviewed the application of Cellulase in herbivorous animal diets, which achieved significant results.
Chicken feed
The diet for broiler chickens is generally high in fish meal, corn, and soybean meal. In order to reduce the use of these conventional raw materials and widely adopt cheap feed materials, Qin Jiangfan et al. (1996) increased the proportion of fiber rich wheat bran in broiler diets and conducted experiments by adding 0, 0.05%, and 0.1% Cellulase preparations. The results showed that the group added with 0.1% Cellulase increased daily weight gain by 4.31%, 4.54%, and 4.13% respectively compared to the control group at three growth stages of 1-2, 3-6, and 7-8, and the feed ratio decreased by 1.56%, 4.50%, and 4.3% respectively. Xu Qiyou (1998) added 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.5% Cellulase to the diet of laying hens. The results showed that during the egg laying period from January to October, the egg production rate increased by 0.53%, 1.25%, and 2.88%, respectively. The egg breaking rate decreased by 34.49% and 16.19% in the 0.15% and 0.5% enzyme levels groups, and the eggshell strength increased by 14.71% and 8.41%, respectively.
Pig feed
According to Yin Qingqiang et al. (1992), adding 0.6% and 1.2% cellulose complex enzymes to the basal diet resulted in a 16.84% and 21.86% increase in weight gain for growing and fattening pigs compared to the control group, respectively. Wank et al. (1993) reported that the addition of Cellulase increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fibers from 30.3% to 34.1%, the digestibility of acidic detergent fibers from 68.8% to 73.9%, and the digestibility of energy from 69.3% to 71.8%.
prospect
There needs to be more focus mainly the following aspects:
Further strengthen the research on the mechanism of action of Cellulase
The application of Cellulase in feed and its action on animal digestive tract is not yet clear in its mechanism. It is still difficult to determine its addition amount theoretically, as there are many influencing factors and the effect is often not ideal. There is not much research on the optimal addition amount of Cellulase using multiple raw materials alone, which will seriously restrict the promotion and application of Cellulase.
The production and activity of enzymes are not high, and the cost is relatively high
In the future, basic research on strain selection and fermentation processes should be strengthened to improve their yield and activity, especially by utilizing DNA gene recombination technology to select strains with high activity and high enzyme production.
Strengthening the research on Cellulase detection methods.
Although there are many methods for detecting Cellulase, there is still no testing method that is truly suitable for feed, which brings difficulties to practical application work. For example, it is difficult to compare the product quality of different manufacturers and determine the amount of Cellulase added. Relevant forces should be organized to develop a unified testing method standard for application in production.
